03. Operator in C++ | IndianTechnoEra

Operators in C++

Arithmetic Operator

Arithmetic operators are used for Arithmetic Calculation.

These are used to perform mathematical calculations like

addition (+),
subtraction(-),
multiplication (*),
division (/), and
modulus (remainder) (%).

Example :

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int num1,num2;

int add,subs,mul,div,mod;

cout<<"\nEnter First Number :";

cin>>num1;

cout<<"\nEnter Second Number :";

cin>>num2;

// (+) operator

add = num1 + num2;

cout<<"\nAddition is : "<<add;

// (-) operator

subs = num1 - num2;

cout<<"\nSubtraction is : "<<subs;

// (*) operator

mul = num1 * num2;

cout<<"\nMultiplication is : "<<mul;

// (÷) operator

div = num1 / num2;

cout<<"\nDivision is : "<<div;

// (%) operator

mod = num2 % num1;

cout<<"\nModulus is : "<<mod;

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter First Number : 10

Enter Second Number : 2

Addition is : 12

Subtraction is : 8

Multiplication is : 20

Division is : 5

Modulus is : 2

Assignment Operator

The assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable.
Example : a = b. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operands.
The assignment operator is a binary operator which operates on two operands (variable).

Example :

int main()
{
int a;
// variable a is assigned integer value 55
a = 55;
return 0;
}

Relation Operator

Relational operators are used to compare the value of two variables.

Operators & Usgse:

== Check value of 2 variable are equal

!= Check value of 2 variable are equal or not

> Check is value is greater than

>= Check is value is greater than or equal to

< Check value is less than

<= Check value is less than or equal to

Example :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 21;
int b = 10;
int c ;
// == operator
if( a == b )
{
cout<<"a is equal to b\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"a is not equal to b\n";
}
// < operator
if ( a < b )
{
cout<<"a is less than b\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"a is not less than b\n";
}
// > operator
if ( a > b )
{
cout<<"a is greater than b\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"a is not greater than b\n";
}
// Lets change value of a and b
a = 5;
b = 20;
// <= operator
if ( a <= b )
{
cout<<"a is either less than or equal to b\n";
}
// >= operator
if ( b >= a )
{
cout<<"b is either greater than or equal to b\n";
}
return 0;
}

Output :

a is not equal to b

a is not less than b

a is greater than b

a is either less than or equal to b

b is either greater than or equal to b

Logical Operator

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on the given two variables.

Logical operators & Usage:

&& expr1 && expr2

|| expr1 || expr2

! !expr1

Logical operator chart :

Operator Condition 1 Condition 2 Result

&& True True True

True False False

False True False

False False False

|| True True True

True False True

False True True

False False False

! True - False

False - True

Example :

a = 5;

b = 10;

(a == 5) && (b < 5) = false

here, first expression a == 5 is true

second expression b < 5 is false

so, final result of && operator is false

(True && False = False)

(a == 4) && (b < 15) = false

(a == 5) && (b < 15) = true

(a == 4) && (b < 5) = false

(a == 5) || (b < 5) = true

(a == 4) || (b < 15) = true

(a == 4) || (b < 5) = false

!(a == 5) = false

!(a == 4) = true

Increment & Decrement Operator

Increment operator (++) increases the value of its operand by 1

Decrement operator (--) decreases the value of its operand by 1

Example :

int x;

int y;

// Increment operators

x = 1;

y = ++x; // x is now 2, y is also 2

y = x++; // x is now 3, y is 2

// Decrement operators

x = 3;

y = x--; // x is now 2, y is 3

y = --x; // x is now 1, y is also 1

Bitwise Operator

Bitwise operators perform manipulations of data at bit level. These operators also perform shifting of bits from right to left. Bitwise operators are not applied to float or double.

Operator Description

& Bitwise AND

| Bitwise OR

^ Bitwise XOR

<< Left shift

>> Right shift

Explanation :

& (Bitwise AND)

The Bitwise AND will take pair of bits from each position, and if only both the bit is 1, the result on that position will be 1. Bitwise AND is used to Turn-Off bits.

int a = 10;

int b = 12;

int c = a & b;

Calculation :

bit

a = 1010

b = & 1100

----------

c = 1000

----------

value of c = 8;

| (Bitwise OR)

The Bitwise OR, will take pair of bits from each position, and if any one of the bit is 1, the result on that position will be 1 else 0.

int a = 10;

int b = 12;

int c = a | b;

Calculation :

bit

a = 1010

b = | 1100

----------

c = 1110

----------

value of c = 14;

^ (Bitwise XOR)

The Bitwise XOR will take pair of bits from each position, and if both the bits are different, the result on that position will be 1. If both bits are same, then the result on that position is 0.

int a = 10;

int b = 12;

int c = a ^ b;

Calculation :

bit

a = 1010

b = ^ 1100

----------

c = 0110

----------

value of c = 6;

<< (Left shift)

Left shift operator will shift the bits towards left for the given number of times.

int a = 6;

int b = a << 2;

Calculation :

a = 6

Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

6 in bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

Shifting 2 bit to left

Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Result 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

value of b = 24;

>> (Right shift)

Right shift operator will shift the bits towards right for the given number of times.

int a = 6;

int b = a >> 2;

Calculation :

a = 6

Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

6 in bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

Shifting 2 bit to right

Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Result 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

value of b = 1;

Ternary Operator

A ternary operator is some operation operating on 3 inputs. It's a shortcut for an if-else statement, and is also known as a conditional operator.

Syntax :

(condition) ? expression1 : expression2

If condition is true expression1 is evaluated else expression2 is evaluated. Expression1/Expression2 can also be further conditional expression.

Example :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 5;
char c;
//Example 1
// condition ? expression1 : expression2
c = (a < 10) ? 'S' : 'L';
cout<<"C = "<<c;
//Example 2
// condition ? ( condition ? expression1 : expression2 ) : expression2
c = (a < 10) ? ((a < 5) ? 's' : 'l') : ('L');
cout<<"\nC = "<<c;
return 0;
}

Output :

C = S

C = l

Explanation :

//Example 1

c = (a < 10) ? 'S' : 'L';

This means, if (a < 10), then c = S else c = L

//Example 2

c = (a < 10) ? ((a < 5) ? 's' : 'l') : ('L');

This means, if (a < 10), then check one more conditions if(a < 5), then c = s else l, else c = L.

Comma Operator

The comma operator has left-to-right associativity. Two expressions separated by a comma are evaluated left to right. The left operand is always evaluated, and all side effects are completed before the right operand is evaluated.
The comma operator is mainly useful for obfuscation.
The comma operator allows grouping expression where one is expected.
Commas can be used as separators in some contexts, such as function argument lists.

Example :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int i = 10, b = 20, c= 30;
// here, we are using comma as separator
i = b, c;
cout<<i<<"\n";
// bracket makes its one expression.
// all expression in brackets will evaluate but
// i will be assigned with right expression (left-to-right associativity)
i = (b, c);
cout<<i<<"\n"
return 0;
}

Output :

Size of Operator

C++ provides a compiler-time unary operator called sizeof that can be used to compute the size of any object.

The expression such as:

sizeof object

sizeof(type name)

Example :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"size of int in byte : "<< sizeof(int)<<"\n";
cout<<"size of char in byte : "<< sizeof(char)<<"\n";
cout<<"size of float in byte :"<< sizeof(float)<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Output :

size of int in byte : 4

size of char in byte 1

size of float in byte 4

C++ shot hand

C++ has a special shorthand that simplifies coding of certain type of assignment.

For Example

a = a + 2;

can be written as :

a += 2;

Shorthand works for attribute binary operators in C++.

Syntax :

variable operator = variable / constant / expression

Operators are listed below :

Operators Example Meaning

+= a+=2 a=a+2

-= a-=2 a=a-2

*= a*=2 a=a*2

/= a/=2 a=a/2

%= a%=2 a=a%2

&&= a&&=2 a=a&&2

||= a||=2 a=a||2

Operator precedence

Operator Associativity

() [] . -> expr++ expr-- left-to-right

* & + - ! ~ ++expr --expr (typecast) sizeof right-to-left

* / % left-to-right

+ - left-to-right

>> << left-to-right

< > <= >= left-to-right

== != left-to-right

& left-to-right

^ left-to-right

| left-to-right

&& left-to-right

|| left-to-right

?: right-to-left

= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |= right-to-left

, left-to-right<

Order of Operation : PEMDAS

Parenthesis
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

Escape Sequence

There are some characters that can't be typed by keyboard in C++ Programming language. These are called non-graphic characters.

An escape sequence is represented by backslash (\) followed by one or more characters.

List of common escape sequences.

Sequence task

\a Bell (beep)
\b backspace
\f Formatted
\n Newline or line feed
\r carriage return
\t Horizontal tab
\v Vertical tab
\? Question mark
\\ Backslash
\' Single quote
\" Double quote
\xhh Hexadecimal number(hh represents the number in hexadecimal)
\000 Octal number (00 represents the number in octal)
\0 Null

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03. Operator in C++ | IndianTechnoEra

Operators in C++

Arithmetic Operator

Assignment Operator

Relation Operator

Logical Operator

Increment & Decrement Operator

Bitwise Operator

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR)

^ (Bitwise XOR)

<< (Left shift)

>> (Right shift)

Ternary Operator

Comma Operator

Size of Operator

C++ shot hand

Operator precedence

Operator Associativity

Order of Operation : PEMDAS

Escape Sequence

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03. Operator in C++ | IndianTechnoEra

Operators in C++ Arithmetic Operator

Assignment Operator

Relation Operator

Logical Operator

Increment & Decrement Operator

Bitwise Operator

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR)

^ (Bitwise XOR)

<< (Left shift)

>> (Right shift)

Ternary Operator

Comma Operator

Size of Operator

C++ shot hand

Operator precedence

Operator Associativity

Order of Operation : PEMDAS

Escape Sequence

Post a Comment

Operators in C++

Arithmetic Operator