Section-A (Each question of 1 mark)
Question 1: What is 802.15 standard?
Answer: The 802.15 standard is a set of wireless communication standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It is designed for low-power, low-rate wireless networks.
Question 2: Define piconet.
Answer: A piconet is a small wireless network that consists of up to eight devices. One device in the piconet acts as the master, and the other devices act as slaves.
Question 3: Define Scatter net?
Answer: A scatternet is a group of two or more piconets that overlap. Devices in a scatternet can communicate with each other, even if they are in different piconets.
Question 4: What is the function of gateway?
Answer: A gateway is a device that connects two or more networks. In IoT, gateways are used to connect IoT devices to the cloud or to other networks.
Question 5: What is difference between Bluetooth and Bluetooth lite?
Answer: Bluetooth is a wireless communication standard that is used for short-range communication between devices. Bluetooth lite is a low-power version of Bluetooth that is designed for IoT devices.
Section-B (Each question of 2 mark)
Question 1: Name few applications of Wifi and Zigbee?
Answer: WiFi and Zigbee are two popular wireless communication standards that are used in IoT.
WiFi applications:
- Smart home devices (e.g., smart speakers, smart thermostats, etc.)
- Smart city applications (e.g., smart parking, traffic management, etc.)
- Wearable devices (e.g., fitness trackers, smartwatches, etc.)
Zigbee applications:
- Smart home devices (e.g., light bulbs, door locks, etc.)
- Industrial automation (e.g., factory automation, warehouse automation, etc.)
- Building automation (e.g., HVAC control, lighting control, etc.)
Question 2: What is the concept of Z-wave?
Answer: Z-wave is a low-power wireless communication standard that is designed for home automation applications. It is a mesh network, which means that devices can communicate with each other directly or through other devices in the network.
Question 3: What is LOS?
Answer: LOS stands for line-of-sight. It is a propagation condition in which the transmitter and receiver have a clear, unobstructed path between them. LOS is important for wireless communication because it improves the reliability and range of communication.
Section-C (Each question of 4 mark)
Question 1: Discuss Z-wave protocol for IoT. Will z-wave work in a large house? Explain?
Answer: Z-wave is a low-power wireless communication protocol that is designed for home automation applications. It is a mesh network, which means that devices can communicate with each other directly or through other devices in the network. This makes Z-wave well-suited for large homes, as it can extend the range of communication by using multiple devices as relays.
Z-wave devices use a variety of security measures to protect against unauthorized access. These measures include encryption, authentication, and authorization.
Question 2: Explain the real world and technical design constraints in IoT?
Answer: There are a number of real world and technical design constraints in IoT. Some of these constraints include:
- Power consumption: IoT devices are often battery-powered, so it is important to design them to be energy-efficient.
- Cost: IoT devices need to be affordable in order to be mass-adopted.
- Security: IoT devices need to be secure to protect against cyberattacks.
- Scalability: IoT systems need to be scalable to accommodate a large number of devices.
Section-D (6 mark question)
Question 1. Discuss and differentiate between Zigbee, BLE and Z-wave.
Answer: Zigbee, BLE, and Z-wave are all low-power wireless communication protocols that are used in IoT. They have different strengths and weaknesses, so the best protocol to use will depend on the specific application.
Zigbee
Pros:
- Long range (up to 250 meters outdoors and 70 meters indoors)
- Mesh network (devices can communicate with each other directly or through other devices in the network)
- High data rate (up to 250 kbps)
Cons:
- High power consumption
- Complex protocol
BLE
Pros:
- Low power consumption
- Simple protocol
- Easy to implement
Cons:
- Short range (up to 100 meters)
- Not a mesh network
- Low data rate (up to 1 Mbps)
Z-wave
Pros:
- Low power consumption
- Mesh network
- Wide range of devices available
Cons:
- Shorter range than Zigbee (up to 100 meters indoors)
Differentiation:
| Feature | Zigbee | BLE | Z-wave |
|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Long | Short | Medium |
| Mesh network | Yes | No | Yes |
| Data rate | High | Medium | Low |
| Power consumption | High | Low | Low |
| Complexity | Complex | Simple | Simple |
| Availability of devices | Wide range | Wide range | Wide range |
Applications:
- Zigbee: Smart home devices (e.g., light bulbs, door locks, thermostats, etc.), industrial automation, building automation
- BLE: Smart wearables (e.g., fitness trackers, smartwatches, etc.), beacons, proximity detection
- Z-wave: Smart home devices (e.g., light bulbs, door locks, thermostats, etc.), security systems