Comparing Numbers
In the previous lessons, we learned how to count objects and connect quantities with numbers. Now we will learn how to compare numbers and decide how they are related to each other.
Comparing numbers helps us understand whether one group has more, fewer or the same number of objects as another group.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
- Understand what it means to compare numbers.
- Compare two numbers using their values.
- Identify which of two numbers is greater.
- Identify which of two numbers is smaller.
- Recognise when two numbers are the same.
- Use objects to help compare numbers.
What Does Comparing Mean?
Comparing means looking at two numbers or quantities to find out how they are related.
For example, if one group has 5 apples and another group has 3 apples, we can compare the two groups.
The first group has 5 apples.
The second group has 3 apples.
Since 5 is greater than 3, the first group has more apples.
Comparing Numbers Using Objects
Objects can make it easier to understand which number is greater or smaller.
First group
Second group
The first group has 4 objects and the second group has 2 objects.
Therefore, 4 is greater than 2.
Greater Number
When one number represents a larger quantity than another number, we say that it is the greater number.
7 or 4?
Since 7 represents a larger quantity than 4, 7 is greater than 4.
Smaller Number
When one number represents a smaller quantity than another number, we say that it is the smaller number.
3 or 8?
Since 3 represents a smaller quantity than 8, 3 is smaller than 8.
Comparing Numbers on a Number Line
A number line can also help us compare numbers.
Numbers farther to the right are greater than numbers to their left.
For example, 8 is to the right of 5. Therefore, 8 is greater than 5.
Example
6 and 9
On the number line, 9 comes after 6 and is farther to the right. Therefore, 9 is greater than 6.
Comparing Equal Numbers
Sometimes two numbers represent exactly the same quantity. In that case, the numbers are equal.
Both groups have 3 stars. Therefore, the numbers are equal.
Common Mistakes
Looking Only at the Size of the Objects
A larger-looking object does not always mean there are more objects. We compare the number of objects, not their physical size.
Counting Incorrectly
If objects are not counted correctly, the comparison may also be incorrect. Always count carefully before comparing quantities.
Confusing Greater and Smaller
Remember that the greater number represents a larger quantity, while the smaller number represents a smaller quantity.
Practice
Try It Yourself
Take two groups of objects around you. Count the objects in each group and compare their numbers.
- Which group has more objects?
- Which group has fewer objects?
- Are the two groups equal?
Quick Revision
- Comparing means finding how two numbers are related.
- A greater number represents a larger quantity.
- A smaller number represents a smaller quantity.
- Two numbers can also be equal.
- Objects and number lines can help us compare numbers.
What Comes Next?
Now that you know how to compare numbers, the next lesson will introduce the symbols used to show greater than, less than and equal to.